Service Provision Legislation in New Zealand

Service Provision Legislation in New Zealand Surbhi Narwal DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF DISABILITY AND AGING LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXTS History of Disability In 1840 selective breeding connected racial wellness thought implying that there was natural choice of great stock, terrible stock. As an issue development of selective breeding achieves its most prominent prominence in right on time many years of the twentieth century by end of World War 2 genetic counselling had been to a great extent abandoned. As indicated by pre-war stature, the development habitually sought after pseudoscientific thoughts of racial matchless quality and clarity. Selective breeding be drilled around world and in addition was advanced by government and powerful people and directions. Its backer respects it in light of the fact that a social theory expected for the change of human heritable characteristics through the advancement of higher proliferation of specific individuals and qualities. Today it is broadly respect in light of the fact that a pitiless development which caused tremendous human rights infringement happened on a large number of individuals. The m ediation s advocates and rehearsed through eugenicists concerned very the distinguishment furthermore arrangement of persons and their families, including poor people, visually impaired, hard of hearing, rationally sick, , indiscriminate ladies, formatively debilitated, gay people likewise whole racial gatherings. In the nineteenth century migration biased the quantity of dementia individuals living in NZ alongside keeping money related expense to least. Expense was relied upon to be met by families with some assistance from beneficent association. Various disabled individuals were set in the homes implied for vagrant, unmarried moms additionally penniless from 1860s. In 1889 the association of the companions of the visually impaired was shaped which was run as an issue association. In 1880 the first school for hard of hearing kids opened in NZ. In 1990s individuals with disabled were put in organization implied for individuals who had maladjustment. Man and ladies isolated hence they couldnt have kids. The mental defectives act came in 1911 separated between those rationally sick and blockheads, the foolish or epileptics. The commission of request intrigued by mental defectives in addition sexual wrongdoers 1924-25 talked about their worry on dim witted kids furthermore arranged activity to k eep the increase of savages and contaminations of a average strain. In 1929 Templeton was opened to look after high review numbskulls and poor quality weak or second rate dim witted. Becoming restorative learning prompted moving far from selective breeding to medicinal treatment and the therapeutic and the medicinal model. In 1924 enactment is passed permitting an annuity planned for visually impaired individuals abed of the government managed savings change of the late 1930s which present the invalids advantages for persons for all time unable to work and the ailment advantages for those briefly encountering sick wellbeing. Therapeutic treatment for prior servicemen started after World War 1 or created all the more through the incapacitated servicemens affiliation, perceived after World War 2 administrations were accessible to regular folks from 1954. Shielded occupation opportunity for impaired individuals started with the disabled individuals livelihood advancement act 1960. All through the 1950s and 1960s IHC specific, made day forethought focuse s, private homes and word related gatherings. On the comparative time it sought after supplementary rights- based development in looking for suitable instructive offices implied for their youngsters. Incorporate Policies and Strategies of disability Social Security Act 1938 and 1964 This demonstration established a branch of detail that called government disability division. This office is controlled under a commission incorporate not more than three parts to regulate of the financial profit procurements. While the profits of therapeutic consideration were regulated by branch of wellbeing. Use for money wellbeing administrations, advantages and organization was to financed from the government disability subsidize on a current expense premise which remembers the yield from 7  ½ % standardized savings pay impose on pay rates, wages and wage and awards from general assessment. There are basically 10 diverse money related profits as take after Superannuation advantages Age profits Widows profits Orphans profits family profits invalids profits miners advantages sickness profits unemployment advantages emergency advantage 2.  Accident Compensation Act 1972 This Act came in power in 1, April 1974. As indicated by this demonstration, in the earner conspires in which finances are to save by toll on business and independently employed individual. As indicated by this plan earners get paid payment on the off chance that they endure with harm and doesnt make a difference if damage emerges on the course of job or business. 3.  The code of rights 1996-This demonstration came into power on 1, July 1996. The reason for this demonstration is to advance and protect the privileges of disability administration purchaser and wellbeing customer and to that end, to encourage the reasonable, expedient, basic and proficient determination of objections with respect to encroachments of those rights. 4.  Human rights demonstration 1993 The human rights act 1993 ensures individuals from segregation for the quantity of diverse zones of life in the New Zealand. At the point when individual treated not as much of positively and unjustifiably than other individual in the comparable circumstance. 5. New Zealand inability methodology 2001 In 2000/2001, the legislature has made the New Zealand incapacity method .This technique is based on common model of the disabled, which makes difference among weaknesses or incapacity. In 2002 office of incapacity issue was perceived. Its reason to give a short concentrate on disabled crosswise over government or to guide the working furthermore checking of the New Zealand inability procedure. 6.  He korowaioranga 2002- The general point of He Korowai orange to give backing to the Maori families to attain their most extreme wellbeing and prosperity. He korowhai orange give a skeleton used to the general population division to take obligation for the part it plays into supporting the wellbeing status furthermore whÄ nau. It is a decent vital component to helps wellbeing and inability zone to amplify the life compass of Maori, enhance their predominance of life, or reduction inconsistencies among other New Zealanders. 7.  te Tahuhu Improving Mental Health 2005-2015 – Te Tahuhu is sees as enhancing mental wellbeing diagrams government procedure or needs intended for mental wellbeing and in addition dependence utilized for the 10 years somewhere around 2005 and 2015 and gives and general bearing to the interest in mental wellbeing method encased in looking forward or moving ahead furthermore the mental wellbeing obligation plan implied for mental wellbeing administrations. 8.  Sign Language Act 2006 The reason of this demonstration is to advance and keep up the utilization of New Zealand gesture based communication. With coming this demonstration into power, New Zealand sign dialect pronounces a New Zealand official language. Incorporate Funding Through the 1990s more concerns were imparted about the cut-off points of the assembly acquisition for decreasing social hindrances fulfilled by impaired people. Government financing for help organizations for weakened people moved from the welfare office (Department of Social welfare) to wellbeing work places (commonplace wellbeing forces). 2.2 Define Terminology It is any restriction or lack of (resulting from any impairment) of ability to perform an activity in a manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. It also reflects an interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he/ she lives Basically individuals use language that they think is inability benevolent, however may be its ill bred to that disable group. Individuals to begin with, wording of incapacity cordial dialect that does not advance out dated, offending or deigning perspectives of inability or individuals with incapacities. A lot of people well intentioned, devoted individuals unintentionally hold demeanour that are stooping or paternalistic. Misinformed dialect and a large portion of the individual’s disposition or convictions that impaired individuals are not like us, they are poor they are wiped out and so forth. For instance wheelchair bound, individuals feel that individual wheel seat cant walk, they are wiped out, they are not same like them, yet they are incorrect. Individuals on wheelchair can stroll for a short separation or time of time; they can remain to move into auto, cot or seat. Define attitude We can without much of a stretch incorporate an incapacity character in arrangement and administration in the event that we comprehend the historical backdrop of handicap in NZ. New Zealand has really changed the demeanour towards handicap over recent years. It additionally reflects changes demean or abroad in a same manner to other social changes. For the majority of 2 century incapacity was thought to be an issue vested in people. This is a generally known as restorative model, where incapacity was seen as being some kind of problem with individual. Around 1840s onwards government made a few polices which pointed was to contain the quantity of incapacitated individuals living in New Zealand or keeping monetary help to least. 1900 onwards, social advantages of the individuals in the racial wellness was expanded and getting to be reflected to the legislatures social arrangement or handicapped individuals. Until 1916 enumeration of the New Zealand recognize individuals who were visual ly impaired, hard of hearing, insane people, deadened, epileptics and so on. The mental blemished act 1911 came in energy and separated between persons rationally decrepit, persons of unsound personality, the moronic and epileptics. Additionally some activity came in this period those were extremely positive e.g. plunked association they give help and consideration to the wellbeing of kids or moms. Some enactment came and individual’s .population got to be mindful about physical weakness and emotional sickness. Shielded livelihood wanted impaired this opportunity came to give the asylum to disabled individuals. 1970s administration methodologies to make private offices. After 2000 onwards government made NZ incapacity method. This system was more focused around social model of inability. Which help to develop a refinement in the middle of handicap and hindrance? On the off chance that we see generally in 1820s to 1900s administration was not more worry about incapacitated ind ividuals or wellbeing framework in New Zealand yet after 1900s NZ wellbeing framework was getting to be better, government made new strategies and procedures for individuals those are impair and rationally sick. Distinguish stereotypes and explain barriers Bias tackles the manifestation of a particular conviction with respect to any specific gathering it is called generalization. The stereotyping and bias field has been late to perceiving cripple individuals as an issue gathering battling for their social liberties or confronting a few issues of separation or mistreatment as the other minority voting demographics. One of the basic generalizations is individual who is visually impaired can have great musical ability better then individuals those can see. There can likewise be hindrance for these individuals may see these individuals that they cant see so in what capacity they would be able to impart or know where they are going; they cant read and so on. Society might dont feel great if incapacitate individuals approach with his/her ability, on the grounds that individuals think they are lethargic or unintelligent. Service provision and framework Ministry of Health (MOH) Ministry of wellbeing have an enormous structure. This is the spine of NZ wellbeing framework which gives subsidizing to DHBs, healing centres, private offices. The fundamental administration of the service of wellbeing is the legislatures kin counsel on wellbeing or incapacity, enhancing, security, and advancing the soundness of all New Zealanders. Service of wellbeing direct New Zealand wellbeing and inability framework and have entire general obligation regarding the improvement and administration for the framework. Ministry of social Development (MOSD)- MOSD helps the New Zealanders to grab stay solid , autonomous and safe. MOSD give security and forethought of defenceless youngsters or youth individuals. They likewise give superannuation administrations, wage backing and business. MOSD gives stores to group administration suppliers. MOSD serves to make social strategy furthermore counsel to the legislature. Service of social advancement have an enormous system it take part very nearly all the Government Issue which going to impacts society. It incorporates making approaches and procedures to giving credits and understudy recompense. Need Assessment service coordination(NASC) NASC have enormous structure. NASC is an enormous affiliation meets expectations broadly for NASC organization chiefs or other senior needs appraisal administrations co appointment parts within the wellbeing area and handicap part. Need evaluation administration co appointment is not for a benefit join society. Whose point is to forward the hobbies of NASC for grown-up with inabilities, individuals with mental wellbeing need, youngsters, more seasoned individuals, and additionally different divisions in NZ. Office for Disability Issue The workplace of incapacity issue work nearby with the service of social advancement. Office of disability issue meets expectations over the portfolios or with the administration orgs for help advance on the inability issue. Their work is underpinned to New Zealand inability technique or the united countries tradition upon the rights does not hold financing or handicap help administrations. Wellbeing and incapacity chief Health and Disability magistrate gives an instruction diagram experienced to individuals utilizing qualification administrations and how the buyer rights are suitable specifically circumstance. It likewise gives a review on the ramifications of wellbeing division issue as of now, with respect to the purchaser rights. Wellbeing and incapacity magistrate give (equivalent words) communicator administrations for individuals who have listening to or talking weaknesses. It likewise gives the administrations to individual consideration or welfare settles on choice furthermore persevering force of lawyer. Disability Support Services DSS is responsible for subsidizing or arranging of disabilty help administrations or oversees the ability incapacity (necessary forethought and recovery) act 2003. The vast majority of administrations DSS trust got to from side to side by NASC administrations. This affiliation choked to DSS. They work with individuals those are impaired to assist recognize their need or to framework what incapacity help administrations are accessible. They appoint service financed help administrations and aid with getting to other backing. IHC – IHC functions as an issue, they give administrations to those individuals who are cannily cripple and their families. They likewise battle for their rights and welfare of all cannily incapacitate individuals are help them to live fulfil exists in the general public or community. REFERENCES Source: Ministry of Health – ManatÃ…Â « Hauora, 2014 Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/disability-services Source: Ministry of Health – ManatÃ…Â « Hauora, 2014 Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/new-zealand-health-system/eligibility-publicly-funded-health-services Source: How to cite this page: . Scope of Legislation of 1938, from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966. Te Ara the Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, updated 22-Apr-09 Retrieved from: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/social-security/page-2 Source: Accident Compensation Act 2001 (AC Act) Retrieved from: http://www.acc.co.nz/about-acc/legal/legislation/the-accident-compensation-act-1972-repealed/SS_WCM_049389 Source: Parliamentary counsel office te tari tohutohu Paremata Michael Hardie Boys, Governor-General Retrieved from: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/1996/0078/latest/whole.html Source: Parliamentary counsel office te tari tohutohu Paremata Human Rights Act 1993 Retrieved from: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0082/latest/DLM304212.html Source: ministry of social development Retrieved from: http://www.odi.govt.nz/nzds/progress-review/new-zealand-disability-strategy.html Source: Ministry of Health. 2002. He Korowai Oranga: MÄ ori Health Strategy. Wellington: Ministry of Health Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/he-korowai-oranga-maori-health-strategy Source: Minister of Health. 2005. Te Tà ¤huhu – Improving Mental Health 2005–2015: The Second New Zealand Mental Health and Addiction Plan. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/te-tahuhu-improving-mental-health-2005-2015-second-new-zealand-mental-health-and-addiction-plan source:  © Ministry of Health – ManatÃ…Â « Hauora, 2014 Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/services-and-support/disability-services Source: Ministry of social development Te manatu whakahiato ora Retrieved from: https://www.msd.govt.nz/ http://www.supportoptions.co.nz/support/service.aspx?id=299 Source: The Health and Disability Commissioner PO Box 1791, Auckland Auckland ph/TTY (09) 373 1060 Retrieved from: http://www.hdc.org.nz/ Source: Ministry of Health – ManatÃ…Â « Hauora, 2014 Te Roopu Taurima O ManukauTrust Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/disability-services/intellectual-disability-compulsory-care-and-rehabilitation-act-2003 Source: IDEA Services family/whanau service Northern Regional Intellectual disability empowering in action Retrieved from: http://www.ihc.org.nz/ Surbhi Narwal 14030211

Piaget And Vygotsky Were Both Considered Constructivists Education Essay

Piaget and Vygotsky were both considered constructivists. Constructivism is a theory of learning and larning based on the thought that knowledge is developed through mental building. This suggests that worlds learn, building new cognition by patching together their past experiences. Another similarity between Piaget and Vygotsky is that they both believe social influences set up the boundaries of cognitive growing. The chief thoughts in Piaget ‘s and Vygotsky ‘s theories sing intelligence differ. Harmonizing to Piaget, intelligence was a merchandise of action. He believed that kids learn by interaction with their surrounding and that such acquisition ‘s occur after development. Vygotsky nevertheless, believed that larning occurs before development can and that a kid learns because of history and symbolism. Vygotsky besides thought that kids appreciate input from their milieus every bit good as other people. Piaget on the other manus did non put any importance on the input of others. Piaget and Vygotsky ‘s theories sing the phases of development have differing sentiments every bit good. Piaget ‘s theory of cognitive development is made up of four phases which mark the outgrowth of new rational abilities. The earliest phase is the sensorimotor phase, which occurs between birth and two old ages of age. During this phase babes and immature kids use their senses and motor accomplishments to research the universe. Through physical activity and slightly inadvertent motor physiological reactions intelligence is manifested. Toward the terminal of this phase kids besides get the construct of object permanency, intending that they understand an object is at that place even if the kid can non see it. The following phase in Piaget ‘s theory is known as the preoperational phase. This occurs during ages two through seven. During this phase a kid ‘s linguistic communication and constructs develop quickly, nevertheless their thought procedure is still instead crude. In this phase features such as centration occur, which leaves the kid so focused on one facet of a state of affairs that they fail to see other of import factors. Another feature is that kids are egoistic. They believe that everyone thinks, or has the same demands and desires as they do. The 3rd phase in Piaget ‘s theory is the concrete operational phase, happening between the ages of seven and eleven. During this phase kids begin to see a drastic alteration in their thought procedure. Their ideas go less egoistic and more logical. â€Å" Reversibility, the ability to execute a mental operation and so change by reversal one ‘s thought to return to the get downing point ( Slavin, 2003, p.33 ) † occurs during this phase. Children at this phase still have trouble with abstract idea. The last phase in Piaget ‘s cognitive development theory is identified as the formal operational phase. It is during this phase in which a kid begins to develop abstract and symbolic ideas. It allows conjectural state of affairss to be addressed, and job work outing through experimentation. This development gives immature grownups the ability to ground their manner through state of affairss they have non yet experienced. As discussed Piaget ‘s theory has four specific phases, nevertheless Vygotsky believed that there are no set phases. The first facet of Vygotsky ‘s theory is a mechanism referred to as private address, speaking to oneself. Vygotsky found that it was of import to turn shared cognition into individual cognition. He believed that kids would incorporate the address of others into their job work outing procedure. Private address is normally seen amongst immature kids who talk to themselves openly and frequently. In adulthood private address is besides really of import, although it become soundless and internalized it is still a helpful job work outing tool. Vygotsky ‘s belief of the zone of proximal development is the 2nd portion of his cognitive theory. â€Å" A zone of proximal development is the degree of development instantly above a individual ‘s present degree ( Slavin, 2003, p.44 ) † . The zone of proximal development consists of things a kid can non quite make entirely, but could carry through with aid from a more experient kid or an grownup. It includes undertakings a kid has non yet learned but is capable of larning. Vygotsky believed that to accomplish maximal larning it was of import to work with the zone of proximal development. The concluding thought in Vygotsky ‘s cognitive development theory is scaffolding. This includes utilizing encouragement, hints, reminders and aid in the signifier of suggestion to help the kid in independently larning. By larning to work out jobs independently and without the aid of others, the kid additions the ability to self-regulate. Both Piaget and Vygotsky ‘s cognitive development theories have had an impact on instruction patterns and schoolroom direction. Piaget ‘s theory is used in schoolrooms daily with the usage of developmentally appropriate instruction. Another illustration of Piagetian theory being used in the schoolroom is through custodies on activities. Harmonizing to Piaget, immature kids ( preoperational ) learn through their actions and are non capable of abstract idea, hence supplying a assortment of physical activities for smaller kids is indispensable to any schoolroom agenda. Aspects of Vygotsky ‘s cognitive theory are besides found in many schoolroom scenes. An illustration is a schoolroom which has the kids divided into groups, or tabular arraies. This uses Vygotsky ‘s thoughts sing usage of the zone of proximal development every bit good as scaffolding. By puting kids of changing developmental abilities together for group work, kids have the ability to wise man and learn from each other through scaffolding, every bit good as work in their zone of proximal development. It is clear that cognitive development theories play an of import function in turn toing the educational demands and larning methods of kids of changing phases. Through the theories provided by Piaget and Vygotsky it is possible to make a better schoolroom experience for non merely the pupil but the instructor every bit good. When a instructor uses methods to learn kids developmentally appropriate stuff, it makes for a more gratifying and contributing acquisition environment. Thankss to such psychologists as Piaget and Vygotsky, instructors today have the tools available to them to make such an environment.

A Historical Recording of a Fictitious Story Essay

One powerful factor in effective storytelling lies in the strong characterization of the figures in the story, and the novel, â€Å"Don Quixote† sustains this factor. In the beginning of the novel, Miguel de Cervantes warns his â€Å"idle readers† (Cervantes, page __) that he simply wants to relate the story of a stepson who lived a ridiculous but great life, saying thus: â€Å"My wish would be simply to present it to thee plain and unadorned, without any embellishment of preface or uncountable muster of customary sonnets, epigrams, and eulogies, such as are commonly put at the beginning of books. † (Cervantes, page__). The second part of the novel reveals a similar contention, this time uttered by Cide Hamete Benengeli in Chapter LXXIV. The reputed father of Don Quixote de La Mancha, Benengeli says, â€Å"For me alone Don Quixote was born and I for him. His was the power of action, mine of writing. † (Cervantes, page ___). By repeating these contentions, Miguel de Cervantes emphasizes and reiterates the idea that Don Quixote is a real character, a man who is not merely a product of a novelist’s imagination, but a tangible entity. Cervantes and his phantom figure, Benengeli, claim that they are merely recorders of Don Quixote’s deeds and misdeeds. Cervantes declares thus in his preface: â€Å"In belief of the good reception and honours that Your Excellency bestows on all sort of books, as prince so inclined to favor good arts, chiefly those who by their nobleness do not Customer’s last name 2 submit to the service and bribery of the vulgar, I have determined bringing to light The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of la Mancha. † (Cervantes, page__). Cervantes distances himself from the character by saying that he is merely a recorder of a person’s history, not a creator of a person so intriguingly chivalrous and comical at the same time. In doing so, Cervantes strengthens the character of Don Quixote, making him a mystery, and an enigma. Was he real, or was he imaginary? This intriguing question has kept readers all over the world and across generations to keep turning the pages of this humorous novel, and in this respect, Cervantes achieves his triumph in making the adventures of a tragic and comic knight-errant, a very engaging read. The two mentioned passages delineating one contention are significant in the reading of the novel as a whole. Promoting Don Quixote as a tangible entity, a real character, makes the novel more humorous, more effective, and more influential; the themes and sentiments imbibed in the story are therefore communicated more strongly. Cervantes provides a critical commentary on the Spanish lifestyle and morals at the time the novel was written, and one way to take a humorous novel seriously, is to project it as a palpable, realistic account of one person’s adventures and misadventures. This in itself is an ingenious literary style. Making Don Quixote an enigma and claiming that he is real, reflects the ridiculous and preposterous nature of the novel. Cervantes is ultimately making a literary statement: that in a world and in a time when chivalric ideals are appropriate, yet overrated, a society that is suspended between the grandiose aspects of chivalry and the humility of noble chivalric ideals must examine its principles very closely. If it fails to do, it may likewise fight windmills instead of giants, and therein lays a societal problem too unbelievably difficult to overcome. Works Cited Cervantes, M. Don Quixote. (Publication Information).

What Is Alphas Statistical Significance

Not all results of hypothesis tests are equal. A hypothesis test or test of statistical significance typically has a level of significance attached to it. This level of significance is a number that is typically denoted with the Greek letter alpha. One question that comes up in a statistics class is, â€Å"What value of alpha should be used for our hypothesis tests?† The answer to this question, as with many other questions in statistics is, â€Å"It depends on the situation.† We will explore what we mean by this. Many journals throughout different disciplines define that statistically significant results are those for which alpha is equal to 0.05 or 5%. But the main point to note is that there is not a universal value of alpha that should be used for all statistical tests. Commonly Used Values Levels of Significance The number represented by alpha is a probability, so it can take a value of any nonnegative real number less than one. Although in theory any number between 0 and 1 can be used for alpha, when it comes to statistical practice this is not the case. Of all levels of significance, the values of 0.10, 0.05 and 0.01 are the ones most commonly used for alpha. As we will see, there could be reasons for using values of alpha other than the most commonly used numbers. Level of Significance and Type I Errors One consideration against a â€Å"one size fits all† value for alpha has to do with what this number is the probability of. The level of significance of a hypothesis test is exactly equal to the probability of a Type I error. A Type I error consists of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is actually true. The smaller the value of alpha, the less likely it is that we reject a true null hypothesis. There are different instances where it is more acceptable to have a Type I error. A larger value of alpha, even one greater than 0.10 may be appropriate when a smaller value of alpha results in a less desirable outcome. In medical screening for a disease, consider the possibilities of a test that falsely tests positive for a disease with one that falsely tests negative for a disease. A false positive will result in anxiety for our patient but will lead to other tests that will determine that the verdict of our test was indeed incorrect. A false negative will give our patient the incorrect assumption that he does not have a disease when he in fact does. The result is that the disease will not be treated. Given the choice, we would rather have conditions that result in a false positive than a false negative. In this situation, we would gladly accept a greater value for alpha if it resulted in a tradeoff of a lower likelihood of a false negative. Level of Significance and P-Values A level of significance is a value that we set to determine statistical significance. This ends up being the standard by which we measure the calculated p-value of our test statistic. To say that a result is statistically significant at the level alpha just means that the p-value is less than alpha. For instance, for a value of alpha 0.05, if the p-value is greater than 0.05, then we fail to reject the null hypothesis. There are some instances in which we would need a very small p-value to reject a null hypothesis. If our null hypothesis concerns something that is widely accepted as true, then there must be a high degree of evidence in favor of rejecting the null hypothesis. This is provided by a p-value that is much smaller than the commonly used values for alpha. Conclusion There is not one value of alpha that determines statistical significance. Although numbers such as 0.10, 0.05 and 0.01 are values commonly used for alpha, there is no overriding mathematical theorem that says these are the only levels of significance that we can use. As with many things in statistics, we must think before we calculate and above all use common sense.